Causes And Background Of The French Revolution Essay

Causes and Background of the French Revolution French Revolution: 1789 - 1799 French military intervention helped garner revolutions elsewhere. At the time, France was the most populous and advanced society. â€Å"The essential fact about the Old Regime was that it was still legally aristocratic and in some ways feudal. Everyone belonged legally to an ‘estate’ or ‘order’ of society. The First Estate was the clergy, the Second Estate was the nobility, and the Third Estate included everyone else, i.e. the peasants and the bourgeois. The individual rights and personal prestige varied between the estates.† The rich Third Estate (the bourgeois) was extremely influential before the revolution. The Old Regime Over â…˜ of the people were rural. France was mainly a country of small farmers. The agrarian system had developed so much that there was no serfdom; the peasant owed no labor to the lord. The manor, however, still retained certain surviving features of the feudal age, like hunting rights and taxation over surrounding land. However, there was lots of diversity of land ownership. The peasants owned 40% of the land, while the nobles and the church combined (First and Second Estates) owned only 30%. In 1789, the bourgeois owned more land than the church and almost as much as the nobility. (between 10-20%.) France had a sense of unity. Since the peasants owned 40% of the land yet paid many fees to the manorial lords, social conditions were unpopular. Political Culture and Public OpinionShow MoreRelatedThe Causes Of Joseph De Maistre And The French Revolution1696 Words   |  7 Pagesmere eight years after the Revolution. In order to understand what causes he believed caused the French Revolution, his conception of a Counter-Revolution and what would be necessary to undo the ideas of 1789, which is what this paper aims to discuss, it is important to know a brief background on de Maistre and what he stood for. de Maistre was an advocate of divine right monarchy as well as a defendant of Catholicism in the period of time directly after the French Revolution. He is known as a prominentRead MoreIncredible British and French Revolution1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthe eighteenth century was the beginning of Europe’s two incredible revolutions which are the British and French Revolutions. The British Revolution is very different from the French Revolution. Many different events and issues led up to the British and French Revolution s that make them different from one another. For example the primary factor that led to the British Revolution was the power of religion. While, the French Revolution was based upon feudalism as well as the inequality of the third estateRead MoreA Concise History Of The French Revolution860 Words   |  4 Pagesreview, I have read and evaluated Sylvia Neely’s history book entitled A Concise History of the French Revolution published in 2007 by Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Neely’s purpose is to gives an overview of the French revolution with the most important events, the most prominent people and the essential terms. We can see that the author proved her thesis by explaining the background causes of the revolution such as the ancient regime with Louis XVI. Also she described all important events in chronologicalRead MoreTo What Extent Was The Enlightenment The Main Driving Force Behind The American And French Revolutions?1479 Words   |  6 Pagesinvestigation foc uses on the causes of Atlantic Revolutions and will explore the question: To what extent was the Enlightenment the main driving force behind the American and French Revolutions? The years 1685 to 1815 (Strayer, 2011) will be the focus of this investigation to allow for an analysis of the Enlightenment ideas’ impact the need for governmental change in the American colonies and France during the eighteenth century, as well as their governmental influences post-revolutions. †¯ The first sourceRead MoreDeath Of Marat Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesArt has always functioned to express political statements and social ideals. During the French Revolution, art played a significant role in shaping political views. This is exemplified in works such as the Oath of the Horatii and Liberty Leading the People. (Kliener 665). One significant piece of artwork acted as a piece propaganda after the revolution. This artwork, entitled Death of Marat, by Jacques-Louis David, painted in 1793 and now housed in the Musees Royaux des Beaux-Arts du Belgique capturesRead MoreNapoleon s Control Over So Much Of Europe s Territory?1183 Words   |  5 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte will remain in the heart of many French nationals as one of the greatest military leaders that the nation has had when it comes to warfare history. In 1799, Napoleon launched a series of wars, which historian call, â€Å"Napoleonic wars† in a bid to extend the territory of France in Europe. Many historia ns argue that the Napoleonic wars were a continuation of the earlier war under the tag, French revolution in 1789. The French revolution in itself had so many influences in Europe, especiallyRead MoreNapoleon s Control Over Europe s Territory1103 Words   |  5 Pagess Territory Napoleon Bonaparte will remain in the heart of many French nationals as one of the greatest military leaders that the nation has had when it comes to warfare history. In 1799, Napoleon launched a series of wars, which historians call, â€Å"Napoleonic Wars† in a bid to extend the territory of France in Europe. Many historians argue that the Napoleonic Wars were a continuation of the French Revolution in 1789. The revolution brought with it many changes, especially in the production of modernRead MoreAn Analysis of Jacques Louis The Death of Socrates1047 Words   |  4 Pagesapproaching a true end where tortured life on this world will meet Beauty in the next. He is looking forward to meeting the ideal up in heaven hence finger pointing upwards. There is no need to resist. The hemlock offers respite and promise. In the background, the philosophers wife unable to see his torment leaves the scene. Only, Socrates closest students remain: Plato at the foot of the bed, and Crito gr asping his maters knee. The movements of the energetic Socrates and his swooning disciples areRead MoreOrigins Of The Twin Revolutions1287 Words   |  6 PagesInstructor –Ibrahim Bilal History 3005 December 1, 2015 What were the origins of the â€Å"twin revolutions† and how did they combine to create what we call â€Å"modernity†? Modernity, it is a macro process of transition from traditional to modern society. â€Å"Formation of a modern political map of the world began in early 1800 in Western Europe and maybe characterized as the product of the twin revolutions.† European colonization of the New World, the economic and political development of new territoriesRead More Resurrection and Rebirth in A Tale of Two Cities Essay examples1392 Words   |  6 Pagessacrifice and the setting of the French Revolution have anything to do with one another? Why is this the time and place of the novel? Brief Historical Background The novel, A Tale of Two Cities, takes place during the onset of the French Revolution, which shook the Western world with its violence and new ideas on freedom and the aristocracy. It was a period of major political and social change in the political history of both France and Europe during which the French governmental structure took on

Managing Engineering and Technology Chapter 3 - 1968 Words

Homework Chapter 3 (2, 6, 7, 8, 9 ,11, 12, 13, 14, 16) 3-2 Develop your own model of the steps in the planning process. First, planning process is a set of steps and strategies to achieve a goal or an aim. The planning process may consist of a missions and visions to help in achieving the objectives that must be identified in an earlier stage. Steps that are required in the planning process include: 1. Start with addressing the mission of this project. 2. Create alternatives ways to archive this mission. 3. Examining each alternative by creating different scenarios for each one. 4. Evaluating each alternative by consulting with experts. 5. Selecting a final approach to accomplish your mission. 6. Evaluate every step and this†¦show more content†¦6. At the end of the period, superior and subordinate meet again to evaluate the subordinate success in meeting assigned goals. 7. In the review session superior and subordinate should end mutually establishing a new set of objectives for the following period. Types of areas use for measuring within an MBO include: 1. Market Share – the ratio of dollar sales to the total sales of all competitive products in a specific market. 2. Innovation – to continually search for new products and services to provide to customers. 3. Productivity Quality – measure the capability to produce goods and services within quality requirements. 4. Physical financial resources – developing goals for the organizations resources ( plant, equipment, inventory, capital) to effectively compete in the market place. 5. Manager performance and development. Developing and supporting goals in areas of recruitment, training, and evaluation. 6. Worker performance and attitude – company officials must tap into their educated workforce by motivating and challenging it. 7. Profitability – establishing a level of profitability by which is use to measure success and profitability. 8. Social responsibility – developing responsibilities towards customers, employees, suppliers, community, and society as a whole. 3-7 For what types of employees or positions do you think management by objectives (MBO) should prove particularly effective? ineffective.?Show MoreRelatedProject Management Methodologies For The Development Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION The first chapter introduced the research problem that raised the question of whether adaption project management methodologies can be tailored down to Nigerian SMEs. This chapter presents the academic literature pertinent to the research, and places it in context of the research. The aim of this chapter is to provide the background information of the research topic and to show the gaps in the research literature, so as to identify the areas this researchRead More1.0 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the background to the study is given, a statement of the1100 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the background to the study is given, a statement of the research problem is made, the objectives of the study are spelt out, research questions are posed; the significance of the study captured, followed by the scope and limitations of the study; a brief research methodology is provided and the disposition/structure of the study outlined. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Business reality has been modified in the last few decades and is characterized by change. MoreRead MoreWhat Are Essential Attributes Of Good Software?1417 Words   |  6 PagesSWEN 5432 Assignment 1. Put your name here. Insert your answer to each question after each question below. 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In the fast moving 21st Century business environment, project managers must work ever more effectively and accurately, and timely information is essential to every aspect of the project management role: planning, organisational design, gaining the ‘buy in’ of various stakeholders and being able to provideRead MoreUnilever Sustainable Living Plan For Unilever1712 Words   |  7 Pagesabout â‚ ¬1 billion in research and development. In order to become an exciting company, Unilever has required strong engineering for its products. The position of engineering has played a major role in helping Unilever to produce faster for Unilever is products. UNSW (2011, par 3) outlines that engineering is acknowledged as a discipline that opens up opportunities and creates technology and products that help make our lives easier. 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Relationships of Change in Physical Activity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Relationships of Change in Physical Activity. Answer: Critical Analysis A comprehensive research done by the University of Exeter (2017) found that people residing in neighborhoods comprised of more birds, shrubs and trees were less likely to feel depressed, anxious or stressed. The study which was conducted on 270 participants from different ethnic backgrounds, ages and incomes also found that individuals who spent less time outdoors compared to the previous week were more likely to complain of stress, anxiety and depression. The key assumptions based on the assertions that were made in an online article by the University of Exeter (2017) was that there was a correlation between living in neighborhoods comprised of birds, shrubs and trees and suffering from depression, stress and anxiety. As such, individuals living around homes, urban or leafier suburban regions comprised of birds, shrubs and trees were less likely to suffer from these complications. Another key assumption made by the research was that people who spent less time outdoors compared to previous weeks also had a high chance of feeling depressed, anxious or stressed. One major strength of the assertions put forward by the study was that a large group of participants was involved. This mental health survey was carried out on 270 individuals from Milton Keynes, Bedford and Lutton who were from different ages, ethnic backgrounds and incomes. According to Schnbrodt and Perugini (2013), a large sample size is more representative of a population which consequently limits the effect of outliers and extreme occurrences. Schnbrodt and Perugini (2013) write that a large sample size leads to more conclusive and useful results. The advantage of this study is that it would help in determining patterns and correlation between cause and effect outcomes. During the survey, familiar types of birds observed included blackbirds, robins, crows and blue tits. However, the survey did not come up with a correlation between types of birds and mental well-being, but rather the number of birds that could be seen when looking through the window. Previous research has shown that many people dont know the species of birds that they interact with (Dallimer et al., 2012). This implies that people are not looking to interact with certain birds but with birds that give them a sense of well-being. The assertions put forward by the study had their weakness as well. There was an element of bias in the times of the day that birds were observed. The academics spearheading the research focused mainly on afternoon bird numbers- which they argued were more likely to be seen often compared to birds seen in the morning. However, Martinez (2012) argues that birds can be seen at any time of the day depending on which species they belong to. As such, there are those often seen during the morning, afternoon, evening and nighttime. Another limitation of this mental study is that the effects of seeing birds, shrubs and trees are correlational. Although the researchers claimed that birds around homes and nature in general show signs of optimism in preventing health care complications and making places healthier to live in, the effects may be correlational. Correlation cannot be taken to imply causation (Schnbrodt Perugini, 2013) hence it would be wrong to say that residing in regionss with a lot birds, shrubs and trees was the only reason people had better mental health. Other variables could have led to better healthcare and will be discussed in the next paragraph. Mental health can be defined as the overall psychological well-being of someone (Townsend, 2014). It comprises the way you feel about yourself and others as well as how you manage your emotions and deal with difficulty (Townsend, 2014). Mechanic, McAlpine and Rochefort (2013) write that being mentally healthy is much more than being free of anxiety, stress and depression. Rather mental health is all about the presence of positive characteristics. One such positive characteristic which could have led to the correlation in the study is resilience. Being mentally healthy does not imply that you never have any emotional problems (Lindwall et al., 2014). People go through disappointments and changes all the time which is normal. However, these can also lead to depression, anxiety and stress (Lindwall et al., 2014). Resilience is how youre able to bounce back from any depression, anxiety and stress which consequently leads to strong mental health (Lindwall et al., 2014). People who are men tally resilient are capable of coping with difficult circumstances and portraying a positive outlook. They remain productive and focused during good times and bad times (Josefsson, Lindwall Archer, 2014). Furthermore, their resilience makes them less fearful of trying out new things or what the future may bring. Even when they lack a solution to a problem, they remain hopeful that a solution will be found in the long run (Josefsson, Lindwall Archer, 2014). Another variable which could influence mental health is physical exercise. The human body and mind are closely interconnected. Improving you're physically health will eventually lead to greater mental health (Musiat Tarrier, 2014). Once you exercise, your body releases endorphins which are powerful chemicals that boost your mood and increase your energy levels. Regular physical exercise can have a huge impact on mental health problems through relieving stress, inducing better sleep and improving memory (Naeem et al., 2016). In conclusion, future health surveys can take into consideration the impact of resilience and physical exercise among other factors on mental health care. Also, the element of bias should be eliminated when carrying out surveys to improve the viability of claims or assertions. References Dallimer, M., Davies, Z. G., Irvine, K. N., Maltby, L., Warren, P. H., Gaston, K. J., Armsworth, P. R. (2014). What personal and environmental factors determine frequency of urban greenspace use?International journal of environmental research and public health,11(8), 7977-7992. Josefsson, T., Lindwall, M., Archer, T. (2014). Physical exercise intervention in depressivedisorders: Meta?analysis and systematic review.Scandinavian journal of medicine science in sports,24(2), 259-272. Lindwall, M., Gerber, M., Jonsdottir, I. H., Brjesson, M., Ahlborg Jr, G. (2014). The relationships of change in physical activity with change in depression, anxiety, and burnout: A longitudinal study of Swedish healthcare workers.Health Psychology,33(11), 1309. Martinez, T. (2014). Bird Watching at Different Times of the Day. Retrieved September 26, 2017, from Barkyardchirper.com: https://www.backyardchirper.com/bird-info-229.html Mechanic, D., McAlpine, D. D., Rochefort, D. A. (2013).Mental health and social policy: Beyond managed care. Pearson Higher Ed. Musiat, P., Tarrier, N. (2014). Collateral outcomes in e-mental health: a systematic review of the evidence for added benefits of computerized cognitive behavior therapy interventions for mental health.Psychological medicine,44(15), 3137-3150. Naeem, F., Johal, R., McKenna, C., Rathod, S., Ayub, M., Lecomte, T., ... Farooq, S. (2016). Cognitive Behavior Therapy for psychosis based Guided Self-help (CBTp-GSH) delivered by frontline mental health professionals: Results of a feasibility study.Schizophrenia research,173(1), 69-74. Schnbrodt, F. D., Perugini, M. (2013). At what sample size do correlations stabilize? Journal of Research in Personality,47(5), 609-612. Townsend, M. C. (2014).Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice.FA Davis. University of Exeter. (2017, February 25). Watching birds near your home is good for your mental health: People living in neighborhoods with more birds, shrubs and trees are less likely to suffer from depression, anxiety and stress.ScienceDaily. Retrieved September26, 2017, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170225102113.htm

Poverty On The Rise Essays - , Term Papers

Poverty on the Rise? There is a very wide range of income for individuals and families. This is why we have people that are very wealthy which are referred to as the upper class and there is the middle class that makes an average income, and the bottom of the income bracket lies the people in poverty. Poverty is a condition in which a person or family does not have the means to satisfy basic needs for food, clothing, shelter, and transportation. Your race does not matter, every race has people that are in poverty. But as it is statistically shown, different races have a different number of people in poverty. In 1996, the federal government established a minimum income level below which a person or family is declared in ?poverty.? If a single person makes less than $7,995 then they are living in poverty, and a family has to exceed $16,036 or are also in poverty. From 1996 to 1997 the poverty rate has decreased by .4% In 1996, there was 36.5 million people at the poverty level and in 1997 the number of people in poverty decreased to 35.6 million people. Since a decade ago the poverty level has increased from 32.4 million people to as high as 39.3 million in 1993, but since 1993 the number of people living in poverty has decreased to 35.6 million people. The percent of the population a decade ago below the poverty was 13.1%, which has increases up to 15.1% but here recently the poverty rate is back down to 13.3% Gentry-2 Since the previous year the poverty rate was lower by .4% for the general population. The poverty rate of children under the age of eighteen has also decreased by .6%. The black poverty rate decreased the most from 28.4% to 26.5%. The Asians and Pacific Islanders had a decrease in their poverty rate by .5%. The whites had the smallest decrease out of all races because they decreased only by .2%. There are many different factors that contribute to the decreasing of the poverty rates, from the decrease of the unemployment to the decrease in government income maintenance programs. A lot of the poverty population is made up of income-maintenance programs. I would like to talk about few of the programs that the government offers for people in poverty. Social insurance programs is the first. There are many different types to the social insurance program. The first two are OASDHI and Medicare. OASDHI is also known as social security, which replaces wages lost after retirement. Medicare provides hospital insurance for the elderly and disabled. The third type is unemployment compensation which allows workers that are unemployed for a while to collect thirty-five percent of their lost wages. The second program is Pubic Assistance. The first type is Supplemental Security Income(SSI) this program allows disabled people to receive a minimum income. Aid to Families with Dependent Children(AFDC) and Medicaid usually are linked together. Medicaid will pay for hospital bills. AFDC provides certain families with children financial support. Medicaid is also offered to SSI recipiances. The food stamp program is the last type. It provides Americans with coupons that can be used for food. The government spends about 736 billion of its dollars on these different types of programs. Gentry-3 The government provides people in poverty that are in the public assistance programs with three different plans. They are supposed to help able-bodied, nonretired individuals get out of poverty. The three different plans have many different conflicts. Some of the conflicts are that the government is paying too much money out to the people, which means they will be dependent on the government for their income instead of working for it. Another conflict is that it is very costly to the government to keep paying for able-bodied workers. These conflicts are what stir up many different welfare reforms. All fifty states have income-maintenance programs, but the qualifications and rule vary from state to state. In each state, they calculate their poverty rates. The number of states that had an increase in poverty rate, in 1995 to 1997 was twenty-two states. The other twenty-eight states had a decrease in poverty rate. From 1996 to 1997 there were three states: Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina that had a poverty decrease while two states Arkansas and New Hampshire showed increases in their poverty rate. To answer the question, is poverty on the rise? The answer is no. Poverty for the time being is declining. There are more