Relationships of Change in Physical Activity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Relationships of Change in Physical Activity. Answer: Critical Analysis A comprehensive research done by the University of Exeter (2017) found that people residing in neighborhoods comprised of more birds, shrubs and trees were less likely to feel depressed, anxious or stressed. The study which was conducted on 270 participants from different ethnic backgrounds, ages and incomes also found that individuals who spent less time outdoors compared to the previous week were more likely to complain of stress, anxiety and depression. The key assumptions based on the assertions that were made in an online article by the University of Exeter (2017) was that there was a correlation between living in neighborhoods comprised of birds, shrubs and trees and suffering from depression, stress and anxiety. As such, individuals living around homes, urban or leafier suburban regions comprised of birds, shrubs and trees were less likely to suffer from these complications. Another key assumption made by the research was that people who spent less time outdoors compared to previous weeks also had a high chance of feeling depressed, anxious or stressed. One major strength of the assertions put forward by the study was that a large group of participants was involved. This mental health survey was carried out on 270 individuals from Milton Keynes, Bedford and Lutton who were from different ages, ethnic backgrounds and incomes. According to Schnbrodt and Perugini (2013), a large sample size is more representative of a population which consequently limits the effect of outliers and extreme occurrences. Schnbrodt and Perugini (2013) write that a large sample size leads to more conclusive and useful results. The advantage of this study is that it would help in determining patterns and correlation between cause and effect outcomes. During the survey, familiar types of birds observed included blackbirds, robins, crows and blue tits. However, the survey did not come up with a correlation between types of birds and mental well-being, but rather the number of birds that could be seen when looking through the window. Previous research has shown that many people dont know the species of birds that they interact with (Dallimer et al., 2012). This implies that people are not looking to interact with certain birds but with birds that give them a sense of well-being. The assertions put forward by the study had their weakness as well. There was an element of bias in the times of the day that birds were observed. The academics spearheading the research focused mainly on afternoon bird numbers- which they argued were more likely to be seen often compared to birds seen in the morning. However, Martinez (2012) argues that birds can be seen at any time of the day depending on which species they belong to. As such, there are those often seen during the morning, afternoon, evening and nighttime. Another limitation of this mental study is that the effects of seeing birds, shrubs and trees are correlational. Although the researchers claimed that birds around homes and nature in general show signs of optimism in preventing health care complications and making places healthier to live in, the effects may be correlational. Correlation cannot be taken to imply causation (Schnbrodt Perugini, 2013) hence it would be wrong to say that residing in regionss with a lot birds, shrubs and trees was the only reason people had better mental health. Other variables could have led to better healthcare and will be discussed in the next paragraph. Mental health can be defined as the overall psychological well-being of someone (Townsend, 2014). It comprises the way you feel about yourself and others as well as how you manage your emotions and deal with difficulty (Townsend, 2014). Mechanic, McAlpine and Rochefort (2013) write that being mentally healthy is much more than being free of anxiety, stress and depression. Rather mental health is all about the presence of positive characteristics. One such positive characteristic which could have led to the correlation in the study is resilience. Being mentally healthy does not imply that you never have any emotional problems (Lindwall et al., 2014). People go through disappointments and changes all the time which is normal. However, these can also lead to depression, anxiety and stress (Lindwall et al., 2014). Resilience is how youre able to bounce back from any depression, anxiety and stress which consequently leads to strong mental health (Lindwall et al., 2014). People who are men tally resilient are capable of coping with difficult circumstances and portraying a positive outlook. They remain productive and focused during good times and bad times (Josefsson, Lindwall Archer, 2014). Furthermore, their resilience makes them less fearful of trying out new things or what the future may bring. Even when they lack a solution to a problem, they remain hopeful that a solution will be found in the long run (Josefsson, Lindwall Archer, 2014). Another variable which could influence mental health is physical exercise. The human body and mind are closely interconnected. Improving you're physically health will eventually lead to greater mental health (Musiat Tarrier, 2014). Once you exercise, your body releases endorphins which are powerful chemicals that boost your mood and increase your energy levels. Regular physical exercise can have a huge impact on mental health problems through relieving stress, inducing better sleep and improving memory (Naeem et al., 2016). In conclusion, future health surveys can take into consideration the impact of resilience and physical exercise among other factors on mental health care. Also, the element of bias should be eliminated when carrying out surveys to improve the viability of claims or assertions. References Dallimer, M., Davies, Z. G., Irvine, K. N., Maltby, L., Warren, P. H., Gaston, K. J., Armsworth, P. R. (2014). What personal and environmental factors determine frequency of urban greenspace use?International journal of environmental research and public health,11(8), 7977-7992. Josefsson, T., Lindwall, M., Archer, T. (2014). Physical exercise intervention in depressivedisorders: Meta?analysis and systematic review.Scandinavian journal of medicine science in sports,24(2), 259-272. Lindwall, M., Gerber, M., Jonsdottir, I. H., Brjesson, M., Ahlborg Jr, G. (2014). The relationships of change in physical activity with change in depression, anxiety, and burnout: A longitudinal study of Swedish healthcare workers.Health Psychology,33(11), 1309. Martinez, T. (2014). Bird Watching at Different Times of the Day. Retrieved September 26, 2017, from Barkyardchirper.com: https://www.backyardchirper.com/bird-info-229.html Mechanic, D., McAlpine, D. D., Rochefort, D. A. (2013).Mental health and social policy: Beyond managed care. Pearson Higher Ed. Musiat, P., Tarrier, N. (2014). Collateral outcomes in e-mental health: a systematic review of the evidence for added benefits of computerized cognitive behavior therapy interventions for mental health.Psychological medicine,44(15), 3137-3150. Naeem, F., Johal, R., McKenna, C., Rathod, S., Ayub, M., Lecomte, T., ... Farooq, S. (2016). Cognitive Behavior Therapy for psychosis based Guided Self-help (CBTp-GSH) delivered by frontline mental health professionals: Results of a feasibility study.Schizophrenia research,173(1), 69-74. Schnbrodt, F. D., Perugini, M. (2013). At what sample size do correlations stabilize? Journal of Research in Personality,47(5), 609-612. Townsend, M. C. (2014).Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice.FA Davis. University of Exeter. (2017, February 25). Watching birds near your home is good for your mental health: People living in neighborhoods with more birds, shrubs and trees are less likely to suffer from depression, anxiety and stress.ScienceDaily. Retrieved September26, 2017, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170225102113.htm

Poverty On The Rise Essays - , Term Papers

Poverty on the Rise? There is a very wide range of income for individuals and families. This is why we have people that are very wealthy which are referred to as the upper class and there is the middle class that makes an average income, and the bottom of the income bracket lies the people in poverty. Poverty is a condition in which a person or family does not have the means to satisfy basic needs for food, clothing, shelter, and transportation. Your race does not matter, every race has people that are in poverty. But as it is statistically shown, different races have a different number of people in poverty. In 1996, the federal government established a minimum income level below which a person or family is declared in ?poverty.? If a single person makes less than $7,995 then they are living in poverty, and a family has to exceed $16,036 or are also in poverty. From 1996 to 1997 the poverty rate has decreased by .4% In 1996, there was 36.5 million people at the poverty level and in 1997 the number of people in poverty decreased to 35.6 million people. Since a decade ago the poverty level has increased from 32.4 million people to as high as 39.3 million in 1993, but since 1993 the number of people living in poverty has decreased to 35.6 million people. The percent of the population a decade ago below the poverty was 13.1%, which has increases up to 15.1% but here recently the poverty rate is back down to 13.3% Gentry-2 Since the previous year the poverty rate was lower by .4% for the general population. The poverty rate of children under the age of eighteen has also decreased by .6%. The black poverty rate decreased the most from 28.4% to 26.5%. The Asians and Pacific Islanders had a decrease in their poverty rate by .5%. The whites had the smallest decrease out of all races because they decreased only by .2%. There are many different factors that contribute to the decreasing of the poverty rates, from the decrease of the unemployment to the decrease in government income maintenance programs. A lot of the poverty population is made up of income-maintenance programs. I would like to talk about few of the programs that the government offers for people in poverty. Social insurance programs is the first. There are many different types to the social insurance program. The first two are OASDHI and Medicare. OASDHI is also known as social security, which replaces wages lost after retirement. Medicare provides hospital insurance for the elderly and disabled. The third type is unemployment compensation which allows workers that are unemployed for a while to collect thirty-five percent of their lost wages. The second program is Pubic Assistance. The first type is Supplemental Security Income(SSI) this program allows disabled people to receive a minimum income. Aid to Families with Dependent Children(AFDC) and Medicaid usually are linked together. Medicaid will pay for hospital bills. AFDC provides certain families with children financial support. Medicaid is also offered to SSI recipiances. The food stamp program is the last type. It provides Americans with coupons that can be used for food. The government spends about 736 billion of its dollars on these different types of programs. Gentry-3 The government provides people in poverty that are in the public assistance programs with three different plans. They are supposed to help able-bodied, nonretired individuals get out of poverty. The three different plans have many different conflicts. Some of the conflicts are that the government is paying too much money out to the people, which means they will be dependent on the government for their income instead of working for it. Another conflict is that it is very costly to the government to keep paying for able-bodied workers. These conflicts are what stir up many different welfare reforms. All fifty states have income-maintenance programs, but the qualifications and rule vary from state to state. In each state, they calculate their poverty rates. The number of states that had an increase in poverty rate, in 1995 to 1997 was twenty-two states. The other twenty-eight states had a decrease in poverty rate. From 1996 to 1997 there were three states: Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina that had a poverty decrease while two states Arkansas and New Hampshire showed increases in their poverty rate. To answer the question, is poverty on the rise? The answer is no. Poverty for the time being is declining. There are more

Pal Ideas for Beginning Readers K Essay Example

Pal Ideas for Beginning Readers K Essay Example Pal Ideas for Beginning Readers K Essay Pal Ideas for Beginning Readers K Essay Directions: Go through each section of the module, starting with the challenge section. 1. Watch Opening (Challenge) 2. Record your initial thoughts (briefly) to the following question (Thoughts): What characteristics might Mrs. Doris and Ms. Chandler look for in a reading approach? What types of activities can she use to increase her students’ reading skills? How can Mrs. Doris and Ms. Chandler implement these activities? Some characteristics to look for in a reading approach are engaging strategies for low, middle, and high achieving students that provide meaningful experiences and develop literacy skills. Some activities that can be used to increase students’ reading skills is repeated readings, concepts of print, comprehension strategies like predicting and asking questions, and building vocabulary by creating word walls. These activities can be implemented in small groups or partnered work and as a whole group. 3. Go through Perspectives and Resources Section (The answers to the following assessment section will be contained in the section). 4. Complete the following questions in the Assessment section of the Module: ; ; ; ; ; ; List five benefits of PALS. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Highly structured activities that have been demonstrated to improve students learning. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Frequent verbal interaction and corrective feedback between the Coach and Reader ; ; ; ; ; ; ; PALS is effective for students with learning disabilities, low-performing students without learning disabilities, average- and high-achieving readers, and English learners (ELs). ; ; ; ; ; ; PALS is an effective means of differentiating reading instruction. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Promotes collaboration and positive social interaction between students. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Compare and contrast the specific reading skills addressed by K-PALS and first grade pals. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; PALS for kindergarten students (K-PALS) targets more advanced reading skills than typically taught at this level. PALS for first-grade is highly structured: The lessons are sequential, and the skills learned are cumulative. Additionally, it picks up where K-PALS leaves off. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Compare the recommended method of grouping students to the method suggested for the first-grade students. Five minutes of whole group instruction and peer pairs work on 2 main activities after the introduction. The teacher divides the rank-ordered list in half and pairs the top high-performing student with the top low-performing one (and this might include pairing a student with a disability [e. g. , learning disability in reading, intellectual disability] with one without a disability). The process continues until all of the students have been paired. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Imagine you are Mrs. Miselem, a first-grade teacher, and you are planning to implement PALS for the first time. What two steps might you take to promote a healthy team environment? Prepare materials for her students such as the PALS rules, pairs and teams assignments chart, and score board. She also should monitor the student pairs, providing feedback and correction procedures and provide friendly classroom competition. 5. Wrap-Up: Think back to your initial responses to the following questions. After working through the resources in this module, do you agree with your Initial Thoughts? If not, what aspects of your answers would you change? I agree with my initial thoughts. I think the PALS is a great reading strategy model that revolves around reciprocal peer tutoring, allowing students the opportunity to practice reading and to receive immediate corrective feedback. Not only does PALS address that standards, but it works with the students who are struggling or need a different way of instruction and addresses their learning needs.

Free Essays on New England Vs. Chesapeake

People from England settled both in the New England region and the Chesapeake region, yet the two regions became very different and independent from one another. You would think that since they were basically the same people that the colonies would be similar but they were far from it. The people settling New England were fleeing England’s religious persecution, it was a refuge for religious separatists leaving England, and was composed of many close and religious towns with large families. The Chesapeake region; however, was composed mainly by the aristocratic men of England who wanted wealth more than anything. These were widely spread out with small families, who spent most of their time obtaining wealth. In this essay I will explain how each region began and discuss the democratic differences in each region. John Winthrop, the leader of the Puritans in New England, states that the colonies goal was to form â€Å"a city upon a hill†, which is like saying a â€Å"pure† community, where Christianity would be pursued in the most correct manner. Puritans believed that church and government should work together to promote holiness and help people succeed both materially and spiritually. The local government was controlled by the same people who controlled the church and the bible was the basis for all the laws and regulations. From the Article of Agreement, Springfield, Massachusetts it is clear that religion was the basis for general laws. It uses the phrase, â€Å"being by God’s providence engaged together to make a plantation† showing that everything was done by God’s work. John Winthrop wanted the New England colony to become the model for the rest of the world, to work together and create a utopian society â€Å"so shall we keep the unity of the s pirit in the bond of peace†¦ we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill.† The government for the colonists in New England was theocracy, which is controlled by... Free Essays on New England Vs. Chesapeake Free Essays on New England Vs. Chesapeake People from England settled both in the New England region and the Chesapeake region, yet the two regions became very different and independent from one another. You would think that since they were basically the same people that the colonies would be similar but they were far from it. The people settling New England were fleeing England’s religious persecution, it was a refuge for religious separatists leaving England, and was composed of many close and religious towns with large families. The Chesapeake region; however, was composed mainly by the aristocratic men of England who wanted wealth more than anything. These were widely spread out with small families, who spent most of their time obtaining wealth. In this essay I will explain how each region began and discuss the democratic differences in each region. John Winthrop, the leader of the Puritans in New England, states that the colonies goal was to form â€Å"a city upon a hill†, which is like saying a â€Å"pure† community, where Christianity would be pursued in the most correct manner. Puritans believed that church and government should work together to promote holiness and help people succeed both materially and spiritually. The local government was controlled by the same people who controlled the church and the bible was the basis for all the laws and regulations. From the Article of Agreement, Springfield, Massachusetts it is clear that religion was the basis for general laws. It uses the phrase, â€Å"being by God’s providence engaged together to make a plantation† showing that everything was done by God’s work. John Winthrop wanted the New England colony to become the model for the rest of the world, to work together and create a utopian society â€Å"so shall we keep the unity of the s pirit in the bond of peace†¦ we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill.† The government for the colonists in New England was theocracy, which is controlled by...

Managing Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing Decision Making - Essay Example The result is that decision makers will have better grasp of factors bearing on company performance. Business Intelligence (BI) tools, especially in the form of spreadsheets, can be highly complementary to EUD systems, for they both lend themselves for use by non-specialists. An extension of BI is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which aims to minimize human interference in the preliminary and intermediate stage of data selection and processing. Expert Systems are an even advanced vision of AI, that aim to make the sort of sophisticated decision making and recommendations that only experts were thought capable of doing. In sum, EUD is a promising avenue for business operation. It has wide scope and application within an enterprise, affecting employees from all domains to the top managers. Introduction The practice of End User Development (EUD) was not thought of as viable in the early days of the Information Technology revolution. But in recent years, with storage, processing and progra mming technology having grown at a rapid pace, EUD is given consideration by many business enterprises. All employees, irrespective of their proficiency in IT and programming, can participate and benefit through EUD. Sophisticated software tools with intuitive user interfaces and integration capabilities help create new applications through the study and improvement of existing systems. (Luthy 2002, pg. 69) Hence, the report will cover various ways in which employees can adapt to EUD and increase both individual and overall productivity. Decision making is one area where EUD has had impact. If end users merely point to what comprises relevant data for the company, the powerful IT system can create salient reports for the top management. Spreadsheets are a great aid in this process, but the key is in identifying valuable information from the vast amounts of data that a company generates. EUDs also changes the role and responsibility of regular IT staff, in that, they now coordinate w ith non-specialists in fine-tuning the system. A company would also need lesser number of IT staff, leading to cost efficiency. Each employee will bring his/her domain knowledge to the information system, making it a multi-dimensional tool. With the incorporation of Knowledge Management (KM) features into EUD, the IT system can prove to be focussed and yet flexible. The key to successful KM lies in understanding where important data lies and in devising ways of tapping into it. (Lindvall &Rus, 2002) The report speculates on the potential of KM to offer a competitive edge for the business. Business Intelligence (BI) tools, especially the ubiquitous spreadsheet, can be a great ally for EUD systems. The simplicity of working a spreadsheet makes it accessible to non-IT personnel. When aligned with sophisticated data mining principles, a spreadsheet can be programmed to produce the most relevant reports, future trends and estimates. Expert Systems and related Artificial Intelligence tech nology are going to be at the centre of business functioning in the future. (Rao, David 2004. 779) The pros and cons of these cutting edge technologies are explored in the report. Finally, the importance of EUD is analyzed in light of rampant growth in the services industry, which is more data intensive compared to manufacturing industries. The report outlays various aspects of EUD and analyzes how much this nascent technology can transform business operations

Leadership for Change Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership for Change - Article Example Through consultations, leaders must develop informative networks of reliable people. Besides the ability to envision the position of the organization and determine the activities to undertake to achieve such, leaders must have effective communication and persuasion abilities to enable them address the organization’s different publics effectively. Doing this is also a method of motivating productivity from the subjects. However, the leader must also prepare for certain managerial obstacles and devise effective ways of overcoming such in order to revamp the operations of the organization and safeguard productivity. A leader should anticipate the obstacles and learn from the critics in order to build a cohesive team through effective decision-making (Rosabeth, 2003). In brief, the ideas in the article are relevant in leadership studies. The author carefully develops adequate background to the topic and describes the concept of leadership before introducing the factors that contribute to the success of a leader. He uses simple and sentences that are easy to understand thereby improving accessibility to his information. Additionally, he also discusses realistic leadership challenges thus providing the learners with a basis for brainstorming. I am for the reading and recommend it to any student pursuing a course in

Pedagogy Essay Example for Free

Pedagogy Essay Pedagogy of the Oppressed (Portuguese: Pedagogic do Proudly), written by educator Paulo Fire, proposes a pedagogy with a new relationship between teacher, student, and society. It was first published in Portuguese in 1968, and was translated by Myra Ramose into English and published In 1970. [1] The book is considered one of the foundational texts of critical pedagogy. Dedicated to what Is called the oppressed and based on his own experience helping Brazilian adults to read and write, Fire includes a detailed Marxist class analysis in his exploration of the relationship between what he calls the colonizer ND the colonized. In the book Fire calls traditional pedagogy the banking model because it treats the student as an empty vessel to be filled with knowledge, like a piggy bank. However, he argues for pedagogy to treat the learner as a co-creator of knowledge. The book has sold over 750,000 copies worldwide. [2] Translated into several languages, most editions of Pedagogy of the Oppressed contain at least one introduction/foreword, a preface, and four chapters. The first chapter explores how oppression has been Justified and how it is overcome through a mutual process between the oppressor and the oppressed (oppressors-oppressed distinction). Examining how the balance of power between the colonizer and the colonized remains relatively stable, Fire admits that the powerless in society can be frightened of freedom. He writes, Freedom Is acquired by conquest, not by gift. It must be pursued constantly and responsibly. Freedom is not an ideal located outside of man; nor is it an idea which becomes myth. It is rather the indispensable condition for the quest for human completion. (47) According to Fire, freedom will be the result of praxis † Informed action † when a balance between theory and practice is achieved. The second chapter examines the banking approach to education † a metaphor used by Fire that suggests students are considered empty bank accounts that should remain open to deposits made by the teacher. Fire rejects the banking approach, claiming It results In the demutualization of both the students and the teachers. In addition, he argues the banking approach stimulates oppressive attitudes and practices in society. Instead, Fire advocates for a more world- mediated, mutual approach to education that considers people Incomplete. According to Fire, this authentic approach to education must allow people to be aware of their incompleteness and strive to be more fully human. This attempt to use education as a meaner of consciously shaping the person and the society is called centralization, a term first coined by Fire in this book. Dimensions of human praxis. This is in line with the Lavabo Viewer Pintos use of the word/idea in his Consciences Realized National which Fire contends is using the concept without the pessimistic character originally found in Jaspers (Note 15, Chapter 3) in reference to Karl Jaspers notion of Gratuitousness. The last chapter proposes dialogs as an instrument to free the colonized, through the use of cooperation, unity, organization and cultural synthesis (overcoming problems in society to liberate human beings). This is in contrast to antispasmodics which use conquest, manipulation, cultural invasion, and the concept of divide and rule. Fire suggests that populist dialogue is a necessity to revolution; that impeding dialogue dehumidifies and supports the status quo. This is but one example of the dichotomies Fire identifies in the book. Others include the student-teacher dichotomy and the colonizer-colonized dichotomy. In his article for the conservative-leaning City Journal, Sol Stern[3] notes that Pedagogy of the Oppressed ignores the traditional touchstones of Western education (e. G. , Rousseau, John Dewey, or Maria Interiors) and contains virtually none of the information typically found in traditional teacher education (e. G. , no discussion of curriculum, testing, or age-appropriate learning). To the contrary, Fire rejects traditional education as official knowledge that intends to oppress. Spread[edit]Since the publication of the English edition in 1970, Pedagogy of the Oppressed has achieved near-iconic status in Americas teacher-training programs, according to Sol Stern. A 2003 study looking at the curricula of 16 schools of education, 14 of them among the top in the country, found that Pedagogy of the Oppressed was one of the most frequently assigned texts in their philosophy of education courses. Such course assignments are a large part of the reason the book has sold almost 1 million copies, which is a remarkable number for a book in the education field. [3] Influences[edit]The work was strongly influenced by Franz Fanons and Karl Marx. One of Firers dictums is that: there neither is, nor has ever been, an educational practice in zero space-time†neutral in the sense of being committed only to preponderantly abstract, intangible ideas. According to later critics, heirs to Firers ideas have taken it to mean that since all education is political, leftist math teachers who care about the oppressed have a right, indeed a duty, to use a pedagogy that, in Firers words, does not conceal † in fact, which proclaims † its own political