The Psychology Of Personality Psychology Essay

The Psychology Of Personality Psychology Essay Oprah Winfrey is one of the most influential black American women. She was born on January 29, 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi of USA. When she was young, she lived in a very poor surrounding with her grandparents despite her parents were separated. At the age of six, she moved to stay with her mother. Consequently, she was being sexually abuse and molested by male relatives and she endured the hardship. Right until she was fourteen, she moved again to stay with her father in Nashville Tennessee. Living with her father was not the hope she was looking for because that her father was loving and yet a real strict towards Oprah. She created conflict with her fathers high standards by dealing with drugs, rebellious behaviour and even lost a premature baby. She eventually settled down after being awarded with a University Scholarship. Although, her early years in life were filled with hardship, she still graduated as an honours student. Oprah graduated as a BA in Speech and Performing Arts from Tennessee State University. She was highly inspired by her fathers high standard to aim and achieve more from life. She began her career in the media industry and worked as a news anchor and reporter for television station in Nashville on the WTVF-TV station at the age of nineteen. She started to enjoy her work where she was able to be herself and express her own opinions and share her true feelings when she shifted to morning talk show AM Chicago at WLS-TV in Chicago. The show had become the number one ranked right after she started and it was renamed as The Oprah Winfrey Show after a year. Her show went on to become one of the highest ranked television talk show programs in history with twenty million American viewers every week. She had become famous by hosting her own show, which she really enjoyed that as her career (Fry). Section B A theory of human behaviour emphasizing the drive to overcome feelings of inferiority by compensation and the need to achieve personal goals that have value for society. Individual Psychology by Alfred Adler (Mifflin, 2007). Adlers theory talked about birth order and parenting style impact on personality in his assumptions of human nature. Oprah Winfrey was the only child in her family. According to Adlers theory, only child will tend not to lose primacy and power, besides, he or she will mature at early stage of life and may have certain issues in places where they are not the centre of attention. I believe that Oprah never loses her power based on Adlers theory in birth order, thats why she is able to build up herself again after all the hardships she has been through. But what about her parents parenting style? Basically, her parents were separated from each other and she had been put to a very poor environment with her grandparents when she was six. Thus, she was being neglected instead of pampering, in result, she received too little of attention from parents, and being sexually abuse and molested right until she was fourteen. She was able to endure all the hardships because she believed in her power, which I think the power comes from the nature of birth order that she had it. Upon staying with her father, she started to receive parental love for her father, although it was just single parents love, but I guess she would have been very grateful and appreciate the love. But her father was very strict as well, he had a very high standard for Oprah to aim and achieve more from life. Due to high standard, her behaviour had caused conflict with her fathers strict rules. But she eventually settled down everything after being awarded with a University Scholarship. She changed her wild behaviour because she knew she had a goal to accomplish from this university. As Adler said in his theory, behaviour may change throughout a persons life span in accordance with goals. According to Individual Psychology theory, life is a dynamic towards completion, perfection, superiority and mastery, which Adler is referring to human motivation as striving for superiority. Oprah acquired this human motivation from her own power and will, her fathers love and standard, and the scholarship. Striving for superiority is when one overcompensates for the feeling of inferiority and motivates the individual to seek for perfection and drive him or her to the goal for a total future (Mitchell). I believe that Oprahs striving for superiority is what makes her to be a very successful and talented television talk show host. But according to Adler, he said sometimes inferiority complex might happens as well, inferiority complex is defined as people couldnt overcome it and running away from the challenges, I bet this complex happened to Oprah when she was staying with the mother, which she was sexually abuse and molested. Due to unable to against, she developed inferiority compl ex and endured through all this suffer. Adler also described four different styles of life, which can be created by ourselves because we, human beings are non-deterministic and the life style is developed from the creative power of self (Luttrell, 2009). The four styles of life according to Adler are ruling, getting, avoiding and socially useful. Each of the styles is conceptualized in terms of degree of social interest and activity. I think that different people at different stages and environments in life might eventually shape their personalities based on Adlers styles of life. For instance, Oprah was given a very poor environment at the age of six, thus, she would be the getting type at that moment. She wanted to expect to be given everything she needed as a child, such as parents love, hugs, kisses or even being pampered. Unfortunate, she couldnt get it. In spite of that, she compensated her inferiority and developed superiority complex, thus, she has been shaped from getting type to socially useful type. Adler explained that socially useful type exhibits activity in the service of other and they always confront the life problems and endeavour to resolve them in a manner consistent with the needs of other individuals. Up until now, Oprah still belongs to this style of life; she has touched millions of lives in American and other countries. There are few of her achievements and deeds that really opened my eyes. She was the first black person that was being listed in Business Week as one of Americas top 50 most generous philanthropists (Manohar, 2010). She also invested $40 million in the making of Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for girls near Johannesburg in South Africa, which the project was started in January 2007. Even Nelson Mandela congratulated and applauded for her effort of overcoming her own disadvantaged youth to become a benefactor for the people. In my opinion, Alfred Adlers Individual Psychology theory has explained much for me to understand more about Oprah Winfreys background, development, accomplishments and so on. Besides, I would say Oprah Winfrey is a very resilient woman, believing in her own power and healthy striving for superiority to compensate all of her past. As Alder believed that healthy striving is for self-realization, in contributing to humanity, dealing with lifes problems, and in making the world a better place to live. Section C Alfred Adler talked about birth order and parenting style is impactful to the new born babys personality. According to Adler, the only child never loses primacy and power, mature in early stage of life and may have issue in places where they are not the centre of attention. I am the youngest in my family and I have two brothers and one sister, but I would consider myself as the only child. This is because; I had been staying just with my parents since I was 12 years old. My eldest brother pursued his career as a singer, my elder brother is a married man with wife and children and lastly my sister got married to faraway place from our hometown. I believe that Adlers explanation about birth order is reasonable, because Ive been holding up to these primacy and power in my life and I eventually getting mature than other people around my age. For example, I already started to question myself what and how should I end up in my later life, how can I contribute to my parents and Who Am I? Gu ess I found my answer when I was sixteen years old and these primacy and power eventually shaped who I am today. Next, I would classify my parents parenting style as pampering but somehow they are very strict, just like Oprah Winfreys father. So, they are not spoiling or over-protect me as a child. Adler proposed superiority complex and inferiority complex, which I think it happens to everyone at different stages of life. I had developed inferiority complex before when I was a pre-school student. I was discouraged by my teacher due to that I am a very playful child. In result, I tried to seek for acceptance by doing a lot of silly things, but my effort was never come to fruition. I dont have any friends at that time, not even one would be willing to come next to me, unless they want to borrow something. I was running away from any challenges at that time and I gradually withdrew from the community. Fortunately, I came to develop superiority complex when I was seven years old, which Adler mentioned it as striving for superiority. When we ought to have inferiority feelings, we tend to seek and compensate the awful feeling and we motivate ourselves to move away from inferiority and thus strive for superiority. I attended English primary school with multiracial students and teachers. This was the moment; I started to build up myself because I was highly encouraged by my new Indian and Malay friends and school teachers through well-organized co-curriculum in my school instead of being continuously discourage. As I continually to strive for superiority, my life style is developed from the creative power of the self, which Adler explained it as personality types. There are four types of personality, which are ruling, getting, avoiding and socially useful. I believe Adlers style of life will change from time to time and much dependable to the surrounding changes. During my childhood, I belonged to getting type personality because of my parents pampering parenting style. I always expect to be given everything that I need. After that, especially being put into a bad per-school, I guess I am slightly moving into avoiding type as I tried to avoid challenges, problems and withdrew from social interest and activity until I attended my primary school. As I grew older and moving into teen stage, I came to know myself better and I joined many church activities that helped me to find my identity and role. I eventually developed the socially useful personality type. Most of the church activities that I had participated were mostly charity and volunteer works, guess all these had shaped me to exhibit activity in the service of others. Thus, I am able to confront life tasks and attempt to resolve problems in a proper manner with the needs of other individuals. Although, I am a socially useful type right now, part of my getting type and avoiding type are still reside in me, ju st not that influential anymore. Here I am today, a leader for Famine 30 2010 camp in my own college with full of passion to help the poverty children all around the world.

Essay --

Erika Poeling 6R Ella Fitzgerald Ella Fitzgerald was a great role model to many people including the members of several bands that she played in. She inspired the people of her generation and those after to pursue their dreams. She loved children that liked to play and do other fun stuff that she liked to do when she was a kid. She wanted to make people happy by singing. She is known as The First Lady of Jazz. Ella Fitzgerald was an African-American that was born on April 25th, 1917 in Newport News, Virginia. She was left in a park at age 4 by accident and got sent to an orphanage, but her mom, Temperance, was able to get her back a few days later. Her family was very poor and racial segregation was wide spread in the United States during this time. Her mom got divorced from Ella’s father, William, shortly after she was born. After the divorce, Ella and her mom moved to a town in New York called Yonkers. There, her mom got married to Joseph Da Silva. In 1923 Temperance and Joseph had a daughter and named her Frances. To help support her family during this time, Ella worked as a money runner for gamblers and bookies. Ella attended Sunday school and Bible study in addition to worship services, Here, Ella was introduced to music and singing. In school, Ella liked to dance and perform for others. When she entered fourth grade at a public school, she did not have a lot a lot friends because she did not know how to talk to others without hurting their feelings. She had to go to the school that was less expensive because they did not have that kind of money to spend on a private school. Ella had been singing since she was 4 years... ...way or something they did was bad. Older people today still listen to her music. She always had a smile on her face when she was mad or upset. She helped children to bring the dreams to a better place by practicing with them on their career. Ella liked going to the photo both to take pictures with her friends and family but she never had the time for all of the fun things because she always had to perform in a concert or on stage. Ella Fitzgerald is a great role model to kids and other adults. She shows us that hard work and determination can lead us to do great thing. She shows us that we should us the talents that we have. She inspired the people to go after their dreams and never give up on themselves. She loved children that wanted to peruse their dreams and she made them come true by helping them do the things that she loved to do when she was a kid.

Online vs Traditional Education

There are options to those who chose to further their education, traditional and online education. Traditional education  gives students the tools to succeed in a more competitive environment, while online education  allows the student to learn at their own pace. Traditional education require students to be in classes on a schedule at a specify time and date. Online education gave students the convenience of accessing the classroom from the privacy of their home. Both type of education gives you the required degree to make progress in life.When people think of non-traditional they might think of unaccredited college or university, but that’s not what non- traditional is. Online students are considered non-traditional students because they get to do work from the comforts of their homes. Online education and traditional education are different approaches to a higher education. Online college requires students to learn time management with their education. Students have a gr eater responsibility because they have to manage their time wisely. Most students that do online education do it because they have jobs or a family to take care of.They will have to organize they time between jobs, family, and school. Students that chose the traditional way of education have to be on campus according to schedule. Planning around class schedule will be first option for students on campus especially if they work or have a family. For the most part, they have the advantage of experiencing the opportunity to socialize and work in groups. Even though working in groups at times can be very frustrating because of a group member not doing they part of an assignment.If assignment is not complete as a group then the grade average for the assignment will suffer because of one student not doing their part. Online schooling can be good for young adults and mature adults in many ways. They have a more direct and focused method of learning because the class size is not as large as a traditional school class. Students are able to have a more flexible schedule, because it is the responsibility of them to set a schedule that will work out for them time. Online education gives students that are parents an opportunity to be roll out of bed and not worry about the way you look to get your class work done.With the absence of diversions for online students, they tend to be more focused on the lessons taught and complete the work they are expected to do. Without having to meet the pace of other students, online students are allowed to work at their own pace, which can make students more successful. Online degrees require the same college level work and time commitment as traditional education. Students are exposed to more people from different socio-economic backgrounds. This teaches students how to get along with one another regardless of race or differences; it also can provide a more complete educational experience.Traditional education students will have a more d iverse social group interaction, allowing them to get a better school experience. Attending Traditional school is also a enormous plus for students, because they are more open to gain more college scholarship opportunities than a online schooled student. By being a great sports player, band member, art student, or even entering in numerous contests such as writing funded by the government or even private spectators enhances their chances of being notice is much higher than a online student. Student still take exams, attend classes, and write papers with online education.With online learning there is no teacher to monitor the students, which the students are solely responsible for listening and learning in class. Traditional classes have the teacher/professor in class to teach them. Whether, a student chooses to attend classes in a traditional physical setting, the student will be assigned homework to complete. Online and traditional courses are expected to do a series of reading and writing assignments. Online and traditional classes have due dates for all assignments. If assignments not complete you get points taking from your score.That is why all assignments should be complete on time. Traditional and online classes will require a student to take exams. Exams are used to test student’s retention and understanding of course material. These exams are giving from time to time on common intervals, such as weekly, monthly, or quarterly. All exams are checked by the teachers provided. All exams most be passed with a passing average in order to move on to the following course. If it happens that any exams are failed and class average is below passing average, student will have to repeat that course.Also, students may have the option to take exams online, or be required to visit the campus to complete the exam. Most likely when seeking help with an assignment, traditional and online classes provide teachers/professors that can clarify doubts, and have a disc ussion about a topic if needed. If any assignments are misunderstood the teacher/professor is also there to answer any question or worries students may have. In both the types of classes, students will have teachers available to help in any matte.Instructors make themselves available to students to help them learn the required material on a schedule. Also teachers/professors can be a very good amazing support system. Teachers/professors will be those to push you to strive for better academic work. Whenever any assistance is needed students have the advantage to get in contact with their teacher/professor. An alternative way to get in contact with your teacher is by e-mail or phone if it was provided. Through the years the means of getting an education has slowly changed. Many students today are deciding to do online schooling.Although most people think that traditional education is better, most statistics and facts tend to show that online education is beneficial in more ways. Stude nts will learn and get an education no matter what method they choose online or traditional education. Some may like a more competitive environment, and some may like a laid back environment. The option lies within them to choose what suits them best. With so many advantages and disadvantages between online and traditional education, the option lies within the student. Everyone is destined to be someone in life and it starts by getting an education.

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Adhd, Depression, And Anxiety

Discussion This study examined whether SCT symptoms are significantly associated with poor study skills and EF deficits in college students over and above demographics and symptoms of ADHD, depression, and anxiety. This study also examined whether deficits in EF mediate the association between symptoms of SCT and poor study skills over and above demographics and symptoms of ADHD, depression, and anxiety. The current study adds to extant research regarding SCT in a number of ways. This is the first study to examine SCT in relation to the component aspects of academic functioning, such as learning and study skills, in a college student sample. Furthermore, two recent studies have found SCT to be significantly related to college students’†¦show more content†¦Specifically, and as hypothesized, SCT symptoms were significantly associated with poorer study skills, and the associations between SCT and the affective learning strategy and goal strategy components of study skills remained significant even after controlling for symptoms of ADHD, depression, and anxiety. Of note, the association between ADHD inattention and study skills was either greatly reduced (affective strategies) or reduced to nonsignificance (goal strategies) when SCT was added to the regression models. SCT is characterized by daydreaming, mental confusion, low motivation, and slowed thinking which may possibly explain the association between SCT and poor affective learning (which includes attitudes towards school success, time management, and concentration) and goal strategies (which includes academic anxiety, use of homework and test-taking strategies, and being able to distill the most critical or important information when learning). Interestingly, SCT was much less strongly correlated with comprehension monitoring strategies (r = -.22) than with either affective learning or goal strategies (rs = -.65 and -.63, respectively), and SCT was no longer significantly associated with comprehension monitoring strategies in the initial regression analysis that controlled for demographics and other psychopathology symptoms. The comprehension monitoring strategies domain of the

Causes And Background Of The French Revolution Essay

Causes and Background of the French Revolution French Revolution: 1789 - 1799 French military intervention helped garner revolutions elsewhere. At the time, France was the most populous and advanced society. â€Å"The essential fact about the Old Regime was that it was still legally aristocratic and in some ways feudal. Everyone belonged legally to an ‘estate’ or ‘order’ of society. The First Estate was the clergy, the Second Estate was the nobility, and the Third Estate included everyone else, i.e. the peasants and the bourgeois. The individual rights and personal prestige varied between the estates.† The rich Third Estate (the bourgeois) was extremely influential before the revolution. The Old Regime Over â…˜ of the people were rural. France was mainly a country of small farmers. The agrarian system had developed so much that there was no serfdom; the peasant owed no labor to the lord. 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Managing Engineering and Technology Chapter 3 - 1968 Words

Homework Chapter 3 (2, 6, 7, 8, 9 ,11, 12, 13, 14, 16) 3-2 Develop your own model of the steps in the planning process. First, planning process is a set of steps and strategies to achieve a goal or an aim. The planning process may consist of a missions and visions to help in achieving the objectives that must be identified in an earlier stage. Steps that are required in the planning process include: 1. Start with addressing the mission of this project. 2. Create alternatives ways to archive this mission. 3. Examining each alternative by creating different scenarios for each one. 4. Evaluating each alternative by consulting with experts. 5. Selecting a final approach to accomplish your mission. 6. Evaluate every step and this†¦show more content†¦6. At the end of the period, superior and subordinate meet again to evaluate the subordinate success in meeting assigned goals. 7. 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Relationships of Change in Physical Activity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Relationships of Change in Physical Activity. Answer: Critical Analysis A comprehensive research done by the University of Exeter (2017) found that people residing in neighborhoods comprised of more birds, shrubs and trees were less likely to feel depressed, anxious or stressed. The study which was conducted on 270 participants from different ethnic backgrounds, ages and incomes also found that individuals who spent less time outdoors compared to the previous week were more likely to complain of stress, anxiety and depression. The key assumptions based on the assertions that were made in an online article by the University of Exeter (2017) was that there was a correlation between living in neighborhoods comprised of birds, shrubs and trees and suffering from depression, stress and anxiety. As such, individuals living around homes, urban or leafier suburban regions comprised of birds, shrubs and trees were less likely to suffer from these complications. Another key assumption made by the research was that people who spent less time outdoors compared to previous weeks also had a high chance of feeling depressed, anxious or stressed. One major strength of the assertions put forward by the study was that a large group of participants was involved. This mental health survey was carried out on 270 individuals from Milton Keynes, Bedford and Lutton who were from different ages, ethnic backgrounds and incomes. According to Schnbrodt and Perugini (2013), a large sample size is more representative of a population which consequently limits the effect of outliers and extreme occurrences. Schnbrodt and Perugini (2013) write that a large sample size leads to more conclusive and useful results. The advantage of this study is that it would help in determining patterns and correlation between cause and effect outcomes. During the survey, familiar types of birds observed included blackbirds, robins, crows and blue tits. However, the survey did not come up with a correlation between types of birds and mental well-being, but rather the number of birds that could be seen when looking through the window. Previous research has shown that many people dont know the species of birds that they interact with (Dallimer et al., 2012). This implies that people are not looking to interact with certain birds but with birds that give them a sense of well-being. The assertions put forward by the study had their weakness as well. There was an element of bias in the times of the day that birds were observed. The academics spearheading the research focused mainly on afternoon bird numbers- which they argued were more likely to be seen often compared to birds seen in the morning. However, Martinez (2012) argues that birds can be seen at any time of the day depending on which species they belong to. As such, there are those often seen during the morning, afternoon, evening and nighttime. Another limitation of this mental study is that the effects of seeing birds, shrubs and trees are correlational. Although the researchers claimed that birds around homes and nature in general show signs of optimism in preventing health care complications and making places healthier to live in, the effects may be correlational. Correlation cannot be taken to imply causation (Schnbrodt Perugini, 2013) hence it would be wrong to say that residing in regionss with a lot birds, shrubs and trees was the only reason people had better mental health. Other variables could have led to better healthcare and will be discussed in the next paragraph. Mental health can be defined as the overall psychological well-being of someone (Townsend, 2014). It comprises the way you feel about yourself and others as well as how you manage your emotions and deal with difficulty (Townsend, 2014). Mechanic, McAlpine and Rochefort (2013) write that being mentally healthy is much more than being free of anxiety, stress and depression. Rather mental health is all about the presence of positive characteristics. One such positive characteristic which could have led to the correlation in the study is resilience. Being mentally healthy does not imply that you never have any emotional problems (Lindwall et al., 2014). People go through disappointments and changes all the time which is normal. However, these can also lead to depression, anxiety and stress (Lindwall et al., 2014). Resilience is how youre able to bounce back from any depression, anxiety and stress which consequently leads to strong mental health (Lindwall et al., 2014). People who are men tally resilient are capable of coping with difficult circumstances and portraying a positive outlook. They remain productive and focused during good times and bad times (Josefsson, Lindwall Archer, 2014). Furthermore, their resilience makes them less fearful of trying out new things or what the future may bring. Even when they lack a solution to a problem, they remain hopeful that a solution will be found in the long run (Josefsson, Lindwall Archer, 2014). Another variable which could influence mental health is physical exercise. The human body and mind are closely interconnected. Improving you're physically health will eventually lead to greater mental health (Musiat Tarrier, 2014). Once you exercise, your body releases endorphins which are powerful chemicals that boost your mood and increase your energy levels. Regular physical exercise can have a huge impact on mental health problems through relieving stress, inducing better sleep and improving memory (Naeem et al., 2016). In conclusion, future health surveys can take into consideration the impact of resilience and physical exercise among other factors on mental health care. Also, the element of bias should be eliminated when carrying out surveys to improve the viability of claims or assertions. References Dallimer, M., Davies, Z. G., Irvine, K. N., Maltby, L., Warren, P. H., Gaston, K. J., Armsworth, P. R. (2014). What personal and environmental factors determine frequency of urban greenspace use?International journal of environmental research and public health,11(8), 7977-7992. Josefsson, T., Lindwall, M., Archer, T. (2014). Physical exercise intervention in depressivedisorders: Meta?analysis and systematic review.Scandinavian journal of medicine science in sports,24(2), 259-272. Lindwall, M., Gerber, M., Jonsdottir, I. H., Brjesson, M., Ahlborg Jr, G. (2014). The relationships of change in physical activity with change in depression, anxiety, and burnout: A longitudinal study of Swedish healthcare workers.Health Psychology,33(11), 1309. Martinez, T. (2014). Bird Watching at Different Times of the Day. Retrieved September 26, 2017, from Barkyardchirper.com: https://www.backyardchirper.com/bird-info-229.html Mechanic, D., McAlpine, D. D., Rochefort, D. A. (2013).Mental health and social policy: Beyond managed care. Pearson Higher Ed. Musiat, P., Tarrier, N. (2014). Collateral outcomes in e-mental health: a systematic review of the evidence for added benefits of computerized cognitive behavior therapy interventions for mental health.Psychological medicine,44(15), 3137-3150. Naeem, F., Johal, R., McKenna, C., Rathod, S., Ayub, M., Lecomte, T., ... Farooq, S. (2016). Cognitive Behavior Therapy for psychosis based Guided Self-help (CBTp-GSH) delivered by frontline mental health professionals: Results of a feasibility study.Schizophrenia research,173(1), 69-74. Schnbrodt, F. D., Perugini, M. (2013). At what sample size do correlations stabilize? Journal of Research in Personality,47(5), 609-612. Townsend, M. C. (2014).Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice.FA Davis. University of Exeter. (2017, February 25). Watching birds near your home is good for your mental health: People living in neighborhoods with more birds, shrubs and trees are less likely to suffer from depression, anxiety and stress.ScienceDaily. Retrieved September26, 2017, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170225102113.htm